水 -mikesmith(老猫) @费城华人论坛:费城枫下论坛 The Rolia Forum of Philadelphia

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mikesmith(老猫)

本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛http://www.ready.gov/managing-water

Allow people to drink according to their needs

Many people need even more than the average of one gallon per day. The individual amount needed depends on age, physical activity, physical condition and time of year.
Never ration drinking water unless ordered to do so by authorities.

Drink the amount you need today and try to find more for tomorrow. Under no circumstances should a person drink less than one quart (four cups) of water each day. You can minimize the amount of water your body needs by reducing activity and staying cool.
Drink water that you know is not contaminated first.

If necessary, suspicious water, such as cloudy water from regular faucets or water from streams or ponds, can be used after it has been treated. If water treatment is not possible, put off drinking suspicious water as long as possible, but do not become dehydrated.
Do not drink carbonated beverages instead of drinking water.

Carbonated beverages do not meet drinking-water requirements. Caffeinated drinks and alcohol dehydrate the body, which increases the need for drinking water.
Turn off the main water valves.

You will need to protect the water sources already in your home from contamination if you hear reports of broken water or sewage lines or if local officials advise you of a problem. To close the incoming water source, locate the incoming valve and turn it to the closed position. Be sure you and your family members know how to perform this important procedure.

Safe Sources

Melted ice cubes.
Liquids from canned goods such as fruit or vegetables.
Water drained from pipes. To use the water in your pipes, let air into the plumbing by turning on the faucet in your home at the highest level. A small amount of water will trickle out. Then obtain water from the lowest faucet in the home.
Water drained from the water heater. To use water in your hot-water tank, be sure the electricity or gas is off and open the drain at the bottom of the tank. Start the water flowing by turning off the water intake valve at the tank and turning on the hot-water faucet. After you are notified that clean water has been restored, you will need to refill the tank before turning the gas or electricity back on. If the gas is turned off, a professional will be needed to turn it back on.

Unsafe Sources

Radiators Hot water boilers (home heating systems).
Water from the toilet bowl or flush tank.
Water beds. Fungicides added to the water or chemicals in the vinyl may make water unsafe to use.
Swimming pools and spas. Chemicals used to kill germs are too concentrated for safe drinking but can be used for personal hygiene, cleaning and related uses.更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

(#8508911@0)
Last Updated: 2013-12-11

其次，有宠物的家庭，一定事先作好准备 -mikesmith(老猫); 2013-12-11 {2929} (#8508896@0)

本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛http://www.ready.gov/caring-animals

If you are like millions of animal owners nationwide, your pet is an important member of your household. Unfortunately, animals are also affected by disaster.

The likelihood that you and your animals will survive an emergency such as a fire or flood, tornado or terrorist attack depends largely on emergency planning done today. Some of the things you can do to prepare for the unexpected, such as assembling an animal emergency supply kit and developing a pet care buddy system, are the same for any emergency. Whether you decide to stay put in an emergency or evacuate to a safer location, you will need to make plans in advance for your pets. Keep in mind that what's best for you is typically what's best for your animals.

If you evacuate your home, DO NOT LEAVE YOUR PETS BEHIND! Pets most likely cannot survive on their own and if by some remote chance they do, you may not be able to find them when you return.

If you are going to a public shelter, it is important to understand that animals may not be allowed inside. Plan in advance for shelter alternatives that will work for both you and your pets; consider loved ones or friends outside of your immediate area who would be willing to host you and your pets in an emergency.

Make a back-up emergency plan in case you can't care for your animals yourself. Develop a buddy system with neighbors, friends and relatives to make sure that someone is available to care for or evacuate your pets if you are unable to do so. Be prepared to improvise and use what you have on hand to make it on your own for at least three days, maybe longer.

Plan for pet needs during a disaster by:

Identifying shelter. For public health reasons, many emergency shelters cannot accept pets. Find out which motels and hotels in the area you plan to evacuate to allow pets well in advance of needing them. There are also a number of guides that list hotels/motels that permit pets and could serve as a starting point. Include your local animal shelter's number in your list of emergency numbers. They might be able to provide information concerning pets during a disaster.
Take pet food, bottled water, medications, veterinary records, cat litter/pan, manual can opener, food dishes, first aid kit and other supplies with you in case they're not available later. Before you find yourself in an emergency situation, consider packing a "pet survival" kit which could be easily deployed if disaster hits.
Make sure identification tags are up-to-date and securely fastened to your pet's collar. If possible, attach the address and/or phone number of your evacuation site. If your pet gets lost, his tag is his ticket home.
Make sure you have a current photo of your pet for identification purposes.
Make sure you have a secure pet carrier, leash or harness for your pet so that if he panics, he can't escape.更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

如何准备食物 -mikesmith(老猫); 2013-12-11 {4169} (#8508904@0)

本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛http://www.ready.gov/food

Consider the following things when putting together your emergency food supplies:

Store at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food.
Choose foods your family will eat.
Remember any special dietary needs.
Avoid foods that will make you thirsty.
Choose salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals and canned foods with high liquid content.

Following a disaster, there may be power outages that could last for several days. Stock canned foods, dry mixes and other staples that do not require refrigeration, cooking, water or special preparation. Be sure to include a manual can opener and eating utensils.

The following items are suggested when selecting emergency food supplies. You may already have many of these on hand.

Ready-to-eat canned meats, fruits, vegetables and a can opener
Protein or fruit bars
Dry cereal or granola
Peanut butter
Dried fruit
Nuts
Crackers
Canned juices
Non-perishable pasteurized milk
High energy foods
Vitamins
Food for infants
Comfort/stress foods

Do:

Keep food in covered containers.
Keep cooking and eating utensils clean.
Keep garbage in closed containers and dispose outside, burying garbage if necessary.
Keep your hands clean by washing them frequently with soap and water that has been boiled or disinfected.
Discard any food that has come into contact with contaminated floodwater.
Discard any food that has been at room temperature for two hours or more.
Discard any food that has an unusual odor, color or texture.
Use ready-to-feed formula, if possible, for formula-fed infants. If using ready-to-feed formula is not possible, it is best to use bottled water to prepare powdered or concentrated formula. If bottled water is not available, use boiled water. Use treated water to prepare formula only if you do not have bottled or boiled water. Breastfed infants should continue breastfeeding.

Don’t:

Eat foods from cans that are swollen, dented or corroded, even though the product may look safe to eat.
Eat any food that looks or smells abnormal, even if the can looks normal.
Let garbage accumulate inside, both for fire and sanitation reasons.

Be Prepared:

Have a refrigerator thermometer.
Know where you can get dry ice.
Keep a few days’ worth of ready-to-eat foods on hand that do not require cooking or cooling.

When the Power Goes Out:

Keep the refrigerator and freezer doors closed as much as possible.
The refrigerator will keep food cold for about 4 hours if it is unopened.
Refrigerators should be kept at 40° F or below for proper food storage.

Once the Power is Restored:

Check the temperature inside the refrigerator and freezer.
If an appliance thermometer was kept in the freezer, check the temperature when the power comes back on. If the freezer thermometer reads 40° F or below, the food is safe and may be refrozen. If a thermometer has not been kept in the freezer, check each package of food to determine its safety. You can't rely on appearance or odor. If the food still contains ice crystals or is 40° F or below, it is safe to refreeze or cook.
Refrigerated food should be safe as long as the power was out for no more than 4 hours. Keep the door closed as much as possible.
Discard any perishable food (such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs or leftovers) that has been above 40° F for two hours or more.

Using Dry Ice:Close up of pelets of dry ice

Under normal circumstances you should not keep dry ice in your freezer. If your freezer is functioning properly it will cause the unit to become too cold and your freezer may shut off. However, if you lose power for an extended period of time, dry ice is the best ways to keep things cold.
Twenty-five pounds of dry ice will keep a 10-cubic-foot freezer below freezing for 3-4 days.
If you use dry ice to keep your food cold, make sure it does not come in direct contact with the food.
Use care when handling dry ice, wear dry, heavy gloves to avoid injury.更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

水 -mikesmith(老猫); 2013-12-11 {2752} (#8508911@0)

精华 -win(秋天的菠菜); 2013-12-11 (#8508915@0)

给孩子准备的“灾难时家庭联系计划” -mikesmith(老猫); 2013-12-11 (#8508919@0)

给家长准备的“灾难时家庭联系计划” -mikesmith(老猫); 2013-12-11 (#8508922@0)

在灾难发生时，如果手机通讯没完全断，尽量用text和家人彼此联系, 因为text占用的手机backend信带资源要少很多，把宝贵的资源留给first aid workers... -mikesmith(老猫); 2013-12-11 (#8508930@0)

还有那些用手机上data 的应用，例如BBM, WeChat， WhatApp, Facebook & Twitter etc.... ---- 例如在最近几次四川地震中，WeChat被誉为救命微信！还有在311日本大地震中，Google和Twitter起到了非常大的作用！
-toronto899(Creative Commons); 2013-12-12 (#8509837@0)

赞！谢谢你。 -1030(lolo8); 2013-12-11 (#8508943@0)

当灾难发生时，只要可以上肉联就好了：＝）） -toronto899(Creative Commons); 2013-12-11 (#8509097@0)

点焟上 -meisuowei(.); 2013-12-11 (#8509100@0)

补充：帐篷，汽油（储存在不会引起火灾的金属容器中），发电机，充气船，简易燃气炉及燃气，对讲机，遥控直升飞机，御寒装备，消毒水，等等。 -aloha2u(工夫茶); 2013-12-11 (#8509325@0)

"遥控直升飞机" 用来干啥？我有两架遥控飞机，都没有兴趣玩：=）） -toronto899(Creative Commons); 2013-12-12 (#8509821@0)
在北美，没枪的话这些都是给别人准备的。 -loveinkobe(Steve); 2013-12-12 (#8509849@0)

这些东西该放在哪儿？如果车库，东西就太多了。 -vacationgirl(不得不休的假); 2013-12-13 (#8512539@0)

@Philadelphia

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